Amitav Ghosh was born on July 11, 1956 in Kolkata (Calcutta), India. Though Indian-born, Ghosh also lived in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Iran as a child due to his father's career as a diplomat. He received an undergraduate degree as well as a master's degree from the University of Delhi, then attended Oxford, where he received a Ph.D. in social anthropology in 1982. Ghosh has taught at the University of Delhi, the American University in Cairo, Columbia University, Queens College, and Harvard University, but now writes full-time, working in both the United States and India.
His first novel, The Circle of Reason, was published in 1986, four years after he received his doctorate. Many of his novels are historical fiction set in South Asia, though The Hungry Tide is set in contemporary times. He is perhaps best known for his novel The Glass Palace, published in 2000, which won several awards and has been translated into more than 25 languages. Though the novel was a finalist for the 2001 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Ghosh withdrew it from consideration in protest of the award's English language requirement. In addition to nine novels, Ghosh has also written several works of nonfiction.
In addition to many foreign awards, Ghosh has won several awards in his native India. In 2018, he was given the Jnanpith award, making him the first English-language Indian writer to receive the award. He was also awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian government, the nation's fourth-highest civilian honor.