1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? David Hume Gottfried Leibniz René Descartes Plato 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Thomas Aquinas David Hume Christian Wolff Aristotle 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “2+2=4” “Not all books are the same size.” “This table is heavy.” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? analytic a priori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? infinity a circle gravitation God 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? Through observation and induction. From the pure intuitions of time and space. By the common agreement of mathematicians. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? inclination or instinct anything that isn’t human organic matter like plants or trees the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because our senses are frequently in error. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Community Quantity Inherence Causality 10 What is a judgment of experience? Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. A judgment based on memory. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Affirmative Negative Modal Causal 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Understanding Intuition Reason Imagination 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Understanding Imagination Intuition Reason 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Reason Understanding Imagination Intuition 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because the world is a confusing place. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because it can’t be verified by the senses. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By positing moral obligations. By proving that God exists. By proving that nothing can be truly known. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is both infinite and finite. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Liberty God Infinity Causality 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. The use of rigorous logic. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? There is no difference. Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work. Take a political stand against authority. Examine a philosopher’s previous work.