The Analects of Confucius
What kinds of behavior does Confucius talk about in the Analects?
SETTING THE STAGE The Analects (analect means "a selection") is a short collection of about 500 sayings, dialogues, and brief stories, that was put together over a period of many years following Confucius' death. The Analects presents Confucius' teachings on how people should live to create an orderly and just society. Over time, Confucian thought became the basis for the Chinese system of government and remained a part of Chinese life into the 20th century. PRIMARY SOURCE Primary Source Handbook The Master (Confucius] said: “Don't worry if people don't recognize your merits; worry that you may not recognize theirs.” (1.16) The Master said: “To study without thinking is futile [useless]. To think without studying is dangerous.” (2.15) Lord Ji Kang asked: “What should I do in order to make the people respectful, loyal, and zealous?” The Master said: "Approach them with dignity and they will be respectful. Be yourself a good son and a kind father, and they will be loyal. Raise the good and train the incompetent, and they will be zealous.” (2.20) The Master said: “Authority without generosity, ceremony without reverence, mourning without grief_these, I cannot bear to contemplate.” (3.26) The Master said: “Don't worry if you are without a position; worry lest you do not deserve a position. Do not worry if you are not famous; worry lest you do not deserve to be famous.” (4.14) The Master said: “Without ritual, courtesy is tiresome; without ritual, prudence is timid; without ritual, bravery is quarrelsome; without ritual, frankness is hurtful. When gentlemen treat their kin generously, common people are attracted to goodness; when old ties are not forgotten, common people are not fickle." (8.2) Zingong asked: “Is there any single word that could guide one's entire life?” The master said: “Should it not be reciprocity? What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.” (15.24) A Confucius