What does the metaphor “he who numbers the stars”most likely mean?

In Chapter Twelve, Peter Neilson reads an excerpt of a psalm in the Bible, which includes the quote "he who numbers the stars one by one". Also, "number the stars" could be a metaphor of how Germans identified Jews, who would have the Star of David stamped onto their hand or sewn into their clothing. The "stars" symbolize the Jews, and how it is impossible for the Germans to number them all.