how is mine boy a Marxist text

Nearly all of the conflict in Mine Boy can be attributed to the settler colonialism that has created such desperate conditions for the novel's characters. As a colonial nation, invaded and taken over by white Dutch and British people whose descendants became the country's minority rulers, South Africa is rife with injustice and exploitation. The theme of colonialism pervades the novel: from the government's attempts to build camps outside the city for black people to live in to Xuma's belief that he and Paddy can never be friends, the colonial project puts barriers between people, both physical and invisible.